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available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c 20 db directional coupler description the xc1900a - 20 is a low profile, high performance 20db directional coupler in a new easy to use, manufacturing friendly surface mount package. it is designed for dcs and pcs band applications. the xc1900a - 20 is d esigned particularly for power and frequency detection, as well as for vswr monitoring, where tightly controlled coupling and low insertion loss is required. it can be used in high power applications up to 150 watts. parts have been subjected to rigorous qualification testing and they are manufactured using materials with coefficients of thermal expansion (cte) compatible with common substrates such as fr4, g - 10, rf - 35, ro4350, and polyimide. electrical specifications ** frequency mean coupling insertion loss vswr directivity mhz db db max max : 1 d b min 1700 - 2000 20.1 0.60 0.15 1.15 23 1805 - 1880 20.0 0.50 0.12 1.12 25 1930 - 1990 20.0 0.50 0.12 1.12 25 frequency sensitivity power q jc operating temp. db max avg. cw watts o c/watt o c 0.12 150 21.5 - 55 to +95 0.05 150 21. 5 - 55 to +95 features: 1700 ? 2000 mhz dcs and pcs high power very low loss tight coupling high directivity production friendly tape and reel available in lead - free (as illustrated) or tin - lead reliable, fit=0.41 0.05 150 21.5 - 55 to +95 **specification based on performance of unit properly installed on anaren test board 54606 - 0003 with small signal applied. specifications subject to change without notice. refer to parameter definitions for d etails. pin 1 pin 2 pin 3 pin 4 pin 1 pin 2 pin 4 pin 3 .560 .010 [14.22 0.25 ] .350 .010 [8.89 0.25 ] orientation marker denotes pin 1 tolerances are non-cumulative * = plating finish xc1900a-20* mechanical outline dimensions are in inches [millimeters] side view .060 .006 [1.52 0.15 ] bottom view (far-side) top view (near-side) denotes array number 4x .040 .004 [1.02 0.10 ] 4x .059 sq [1.50] .430 .004 [10.92 0.10 ] .220 .004 [5.59 0.10 ] gnd gnd
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c directional coupler pin configuration the xc1900a - 20 has an orientation marker to denote pin 1. once port one has been identified the other ports are known automatically. please see the chart below for clarifica tion: 20db coupler pin configuration pin 1 pin 2 pin 3 pin 4 input direct isolated coupled direct input coupled isolated note: the direct port has a dc connection to the input port and the coupled port has a dc conne ction to the isolated port. for optimum performance use pin 1 or pin 2 as inputs.
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c insertion loss and power derating curves insertion loss derating: the insertion loss, at a given frequency, of a group of couplers is measured at 25 c and th en averaged. the measurements are performed under small signal conditions (i.e. using a vector network analyzer). the process is repeated at 95 c, 150 c, and 200 c. a best - fit line for the measured data is computed and then plotted from - 55 c to 300 c. power derating: the power handling and corresponding power derating plots are a function of the thermal resistance, mounting surface temperature (base plate temperature), maximum continuous operating temperature of the coupler, and the thermal insertion l oss. the thermal insertion loss is defined in the power handling section of the data sheet. as the mounting interface temperature approaches the maximum continuous operating temperature, the power handling decreases to zero. 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 base plate temperature (oc) power (watts) power derating curve for xc1900a-20 power handling at 1880mhz power handling at 1990mhz power handling at 2000mhz -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 -0.2 -0.18 -0.16 -0.14 -0.12 -0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 temperature of the part (oc) insertion loss (db) typical insertion loss derating curve for xc1900a-20 typical insertion loss (f=1880mhz) typical insertion loss (f=1990mhz) typical insertion loss (f=2000mhz)
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c typical performance ( - 55 c, 25c and 95c): 1700 - 2000 mhz 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 frequency (mhz) return loss (db) return loss for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 1) - 55oc 25oc 95oc 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 frequency (mhz) return loss (db) return loss for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 2) - 55oc 25oc 95oc 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 frequency (mhz) return loss (db) return loss for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 3) - 55oc 25oc 95oc 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 frequency (mhz) return loss (db) return loss for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 4) - 55oc 25oc 95oc
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c typical performance ( - 55c, 25c and 95c): 1700 - 2000 mhz 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -21 -20.8 -20.6 -20.4 -20.2 -20 -19.8 -19.6 -19.4 -19.2 -19 frequency (mhz) coupling (db) coupling for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 1) - 55oc 25oc 95oc 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 frequency (mhz) directivity (db) directivity for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 1) - 55oc 25oc 95oc 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -0.2 -0.18 -0.16 -0.14 -0.12 -0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 frequency (mhz) insertion loss (db) insertion loss for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 1) - 55oc 25oc 95oc 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -0.2 -0.18 -0.16 -0.14 -0.12 -0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 frequency (mhz) transmission loss (db) transmission loss for xc1900a-20 (feeding port 1) - 55oc 25oc 95oc
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c definition of measured specifications parameter definition mathematical representation vswr (voltage standing wave ratio) the impedanc e match of the coupler to a 50 w system. a vswr of 1:1 is optimal. vswr = min max v v vmax = voltage maxima of a standing wave vmin = voltage minima of a standing wave return loss the impedance match of the coupler to a 50 w system. return los s is an alternate means to express vswr. return loss (db)= 20log 1 - vswr 1 vswr + mean coupling at a given frequency ( w n ), coupling is the input power divided by the power at the coupled port. mean coupling is the average value of the coupling va lues in the band. n is the number of frequencies in the band. coupling (db) = ? ? ? ? ? = ) ( ) ( log 10 ) ( n cpl n in n p p c w w w mean coupling (db) = n c n n n ? = 1 ) ( w insertion loss the input power divided by the sum of the power at the two output ports. 10log direct cpl in p p p + transmission loss the input power divided by the power at the direct port. 10log direct in p p directivity the power at the coupled port divided by the power at the isolated port. 10log iso cpl p p frequency sensiti vity the decibel difference between the maximum in band coupling value and the mean coupling, and the decibel difference between the minimum in band coupling value and the mean coupling. max coupling (db) ? mean coupling (db) and min coupling (db) ? mea n coupling (db)
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c notes on rf testing and circuit layout the xc1900a - 20 surface mount couplers require the use of a test fixture for verification of rf performance. this test fixture is designed to evaluate the coupler in the same environment that is recommended for installation. enclosed inside the test fixture, is a circuit board that is fabricated using the recommended footprint. the part being tested is placed into the test fixture and pressure is applied to the top of the device using a p neumatic piston. a four port vector network analyzer is connected to the fixture and is used to measure the s - parameters of the part. worst case values for each parameter are found and compared to the specification. these worst case values are reported to the test equipment operator along with a pass or fail flag. see the illustrations below. 3 & 5 db test board 10 & 20 db test board test board in fixture test station
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c the effects of the test fixture on the measured data must be minimized in order to accurately determine the performance of the device under test. if the line impedance is anything other than 50 w and/or there is a discontinuity at the microstrip to sma interface, there will be errors in the data for the device under test. the test environment can never be ?perfect?, but the procedure used to build a nd evaluate the test boards (outlined below) demonstrates an attempt to minimize the errors associated with testing these devices. the lower the signal level that is being measured, the more impact the fixture errors will have on the data. parameters such as return loss and isolation/directivity, which are specified as low as 27db and typically measure at much lower levels, will present the greatest measurement challenge. the test fixture errors introduce an uncertainty to the measured data. fixture errors can make the performance of the device under test look better or worse than it actually is. for example, if a device has a known return loss of 30db and a discontinuity with a magnitude of ? 35db is introduced into the measurement path, the new measured re turn loss data could read anywhere between ? 26db and ? 37db. this same discontinuity could introduce an insertion phase error of up to 1 . there are different techniques used throughout the industry to minimize the affects of the test fixture on the measur ement data. anaren uses the following design and de - embedding criteria: test boards have been designed and parameters specified to provide trace impedances of 50 1 w . furthermore, discontinuities at the sma to microstrip interface are required to be less than ? 35db and insertion phase errors (due to differences in the connector interface discontinuities and the electrical line length) should be less than 0.25 from the median value of the four paths. a ?thru? circuit board is built. this is a two port, m icrostrip board that uses the same sma to microstrip interface and has the same total length (insertion phase) as the actual test board. the ?thru? board must meet the same stringent requirements as the test board. the insertion loss and insertion phase of the ?thru? board are measured and stored. this data is used to completely de - embed the device under test from the test fixture. the de - embedded data is available in s - parameter form on the anaren website (www.anaren.com). note : the s - parameter files th at are available on the anaren.com website include data for frequencies that are outside of the specified band. it is important to note that the test fixture is designed for optimum performance through 2.3ghz. some degradation in the test fixture performan ce will occur above this frequency and connector interface discontinuities of ? 25db or more can be expected. this larger discontinuity will affect the data at frequencies above 2.3ghz. circuit board layout the dimensions for the anaren test board are sho wn below. the test board is printed on rogers ro4350 material that is 0.030? thick. consider the case when a different material is used. first, the pad size must remain the same to accommodate the part. but, if the material thickness or dielectric constant (or both) changes, the reactance at the interface to the coupler will also change. second, the linewidth required for 50 w will be different and this will introduce a step in the line at the pad where the coupler interfaces with the printed microstrip trac e. both of these conditions will affect the performance of the part. to achieve the specified performance, serious attention must be given to the design and layout of the circuit environment in which this component will be used. if a different circuit boa rd material is used, an attempt should be made to achieve the same interface pad reactance that is present on the anaren ro4350 test board. when thinner circuit board material is used, the ground plane will be closer to the pad yielding more capacitance fo r the same size interface pad. the same is true if the dielectric constant of the circuit board material is higher than is used on the anaren test board. in both of these cases, narrowing the line before the interface pad will introduce a series inductance , which, when properly tuned, will compensate for the extra capacitive reactance. if a thicker circuit board or one with a lower dielectric constant is used,
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c the interface pad will have less capacitive reactance than the anaren test board. in this case, a wider section of line before the interface pad (or a larger interface pad) will introduce a shunt capacitance and when properly tuned will match the performance of the anaren test board. notice that the board layout for the 3db and 5db couplers is diffe rent from that of the 10db and 20db couplers. the test board for the 3db and 5db couplers has all four traces interfacing with the coupler at the same angle. the test board for the 10db and 20db couplers has two traces approaching at one angle and the othe r two traces at a different angle. the entry angle of the traces has a significant impact on the rf performance and these parts have been optimized for the layout used on the test boards shown below. 10 & 20db test board 3 & 5db test board testing sample parts supplied on anaren test boards if you have received a coupler installed on an anaren produced microstrip test board, please remember to remove the loss of the test board from the measured data. the loss is smal l enough that it is not of concern for return loss and isolation/directivity, but it should certainly be considered when measuring coupling and calculating the insertion loss of the coupler. an s - parameter file for a ?thru? board (see description of ?thru? board above) will be supplied upon request. as a first order approximation, one should consider the following loss estimates: frequency band avg. ins. loss of test board @ 25 c 800 ? 1000 mhz ~ 0.07db 1700 ? 2300 mhz ~ 0.12db for example, a 1900mhz, 10db coupler on a test board may measure ? 10.30db from input to the coupled port at some frequency, f1. when the loss of the test board is removed, the coupling at f1 becomes - 10.18db ( - 10.30db + 0.12db). this compensation must be made to both the coupled and direct path measurements when calculating insertion loss. the loss estimates in the table above come from room temperature measurements. it is important to note that the loss of the test board will change with temperature. this fact must be considered if the coupler is to be evaluated at other temperatures.
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c peak power handling high - pot testing of these couplers during the qualification procedure resulted in a minimum breakdown voltage of 1.7kv (minimum recorded value). this voltage level corresponds to a breakdown resistance capable of handling at least 12db peaks over average power levels, for very short durations. the breakdown location consistently occurred across the air interface at the coupler contact pads (see illustration below). the breakdown levels at these points will be affected by any contamination in the gap area around these pads. these areas must be kept clean for optimum performance. it is recommended that the user test for voltage breakdown under the maximum operating conditions and o ver worst case modulation induced power peaking. this evaluation should also include extreme environmental conditions (such as high humidity). orientation marker a printed circular feature appears on the top surface of the coupler to designate pin 1. this orientation marker is not intended to limit the use of the symmetry that these couplers exhibit but rather to facilitate consistent placement of these parts into the tape and reel package. this ensures that the components are always delivered with the same orientation. refer to the table on page 2 of the data sheet for allowable pin configurations. test plan xinger ii couplers are manufactured in large panels and then separated. a sample population of parts is rf small signal tested at room temper ature in the fixture described above. all parts are dc tested for shorts/opens. (see ?qualification flow chart? section for details on the accelerated life test procedures.)
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c power handling the average power handling (total input power) of a xin ger coupler is a function of: internal circuit temperature. unit mounting interface temperature. unit thermal resistance power dissipated within the unit. all thermal calculations are based on the following assumptions: the unit has reached a stead y state operating condition. maximum mounting interface temperature is 95 o c. conduction heat transfer through the mounting interface. no convection heat transfer. no radiation heat transfer. the material properties are constant over the operating temperatu re range. finite element simulations are made for each unit. the simulation results are used to calculate the unit thermal resistance. the finite element simulation requires the following inputs: unit material stack - up. material properties. circuit geo metry. mounting interface temperature. thermal load (dissipated power). the classical definition for dissipated power is temperature delta ( d t) divided by thermal resistance (r). the dissipated power (p dis ) can also be calculated as a function of the tot al input power (p in ) and the thermal insertion loss (il therm ): ) ( 10 1 10 w p r t p therm il in dis ? ? ? ? ? - = d = - (1) power flow and nomenclature for an ?h? style coupler is shown in figure 1.
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c pin 1 pin 4 input port coupled port isolated port direct port p in p out (rl) p out (dc) p out (cpl) p out (iso) figure 1 the coupler is excited at the input port with p in (watts) of power. assuming the coupler is not ideal, and that there are no radiation losses, power will exit the coupler at all four ports. symbolically written, p out(rl) is the power that is returned to the source because of impedance mism atch, p out(iso) is the power at the isolated port, p out(cpl) is the power at the coupled port, and p out(dc) is the power at the direct port. at anaren, insertion loss is defined as the log of the input power divided by the sum of the power at the coupl ed and direct ports: note: in this document, insertion loss is taken to be a positive number. in many places, insertion loss is written as a negative number. obviously, a mere sign change equates the two quantities. ) db ( p p p log 10 il ) dc ( out ) cpl ( out in 10 ? ? ? ? ? + = (2) in terms of s - parameters, il can be computed as follows: ) db ( s s log 10 il 2 41 2 31 10 ? ? ? ? + - = (3) we notice that this insertion loss value includes the power lost because of return loss as well as power lost to the isolated port. for thermal calculations, we are only interested in the power lost ?inside? the coupler. since p out(rl) is lost in the source termination and p out(iso) is lost in an external termination, they are not be included in the insertion loss for thermal calculations. therefore, we define a new insertion loss value solely to be used for thermal calculations:
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c ) ( log 10 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 10 db p p p p p il rl out iso out dc out cpl out in therm ? ? ? ? ? + + + = (4) in terms of s - parameters, il therm can be computed as follows: ) ( log 10 2 41 2 31 2 21 2 11 10 db s s s s il therm ? ? ? ? + + + - = (5) the thermal re sistance and power dissipated within the unit are then used to calculate the average total input power of the unit. the average total steady state input power (p in ) therefore is: ) ( 10 1 10 1 10 10 w r t p p therm therm il il dis in ? ? ? ? ? - d = ? ? ? ? ? - = - - (6) where the temperature delta is the ci rcuit temperature (t circ ) minus the mounting interface temperature (t mnt ): ) ( c t t t o mnt circ - = d (7) the maximum allowable circuit temperature is defined by the properties of the materials used to construct the unit. multiple material combin ations and bonding techniques are used within the xinger ii product family to optimize rf performance. consequently the maximum allowable circuit temperature varies. please note that the circuit temperature is not a function of the xinger case (top surfa ce) temperature. therefore, the case temperature cannot be used as a boundary condition for power handling calculations. due to the numerous board materials and mounting configurations used in specific customer configurations, it is the end users respo nsibility to ensure that the xinger ii coupler mounting interface temperature is maintained within the limits defined on the power derating plots for the required average power handling. additionally appropriate solder composition is required to prevent r eflow or fatigue failure at the rf ports. finally, reliability is improved when the mounting interface and rf port temperatures are kept to a minimum. the power - derating curve illustrates how changes in the mounting interface temperature result in conver se changes of the power handling of the coupler.
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c mounting in order for xinger surface mount couplers to work optimally, there must be 50 ? transmission lines leading to and from all of the rf ports. also, there must be a very good ground plane underneat h the part to ensure proper electrical performance. if either of these two conditions is not satisfied, insertion loss, coupling, vswr and isolation may not meet published specifications. overall ground is improved if a dense population of plated through holes connect the top and bottom ground layers of the pcb. this minimizes ground inductance and improves ground continuity. all of the xinger hybrid and directional couplers are constructed from ceramic filled ptfe composites which possess excellent elec trical and mechanical stability having x and y thermal coefficient of expansion (cte) of 17 - 25 ppm/ o c. when a surface mount hybrid coupler is mounted to a printed circuit board, the primary concerns are; ensuring the rf pads of the device are in contact w ith the circuit trace of the pcb and insuring the ground plane of neither the component nor the pcb is in contact with the rf signal. mounting footprint to ensure proper electrical and thermal performance there must be a ground plane with 100 % solder connection underneath the part dimensions are in inches [millimeters] xc1900a-20* mounting footprint .220 [5.59] 4x .066 sq [1.65] 4x 50 v transmission line 4x .040 [1.02] multiple plated thru holes to ground .430 [10.92] * = plating finish coupler mounting process the process for assembling this component i s a conventional surface mount process as shown in figure 1. this process is conducive to both low and high volume usage. figure 1: surface mounting process steps storage of components: the xinger ii products are available i n either an immersion tin or tin - lead finish. commonly used storage procedures used to control oxidation should be followed for these surface mount components. the storage temperatures should be held between 15 o c and 60 o c. substrate: depending upon the p articular component, the circuit material has an x and y coefficient of thermal expansion of between 17 and 25 ppm/c. this coefficient minimizes solder joint stresses due to similar expansion rates of most commonly used board substrates such as rf35, ro43 50, fr4, polyimide and g - 10 materials. mounting to ?hard? substrates (alumina etc.) is possible depending upon operational temperature requirements. the solder surfaces of the coupler are all copper plated with either an immersion tin or tin - lead exterior finish. solder paste: all conventional solder paste formulations will work well with anaren?s xinger ii surface mount components. solder paste can be applied with stencils or syringe dispensers. an example of a stenciled solder paste deposit is shown in f igure 2. as shown in the figure solder paste is applied to the four rf pads and the entire ground plane underneath the body of the part.
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c figure 2: solder paste application coupler positioning: the surface mount coupler can be placed manually or wi th automatic pick and place mechanisms. couplers should be placed (see figure 3 and 4) onto wet paste with common surface mount techniques and parameters. pick and place systems must supply adequate vacuum to hold a 0.50 - 0.55 gram coupler. figure 3: component placement figure 4: mounting features example reflow: the surface mount coupler is conducive to most of today?s conventional reflow methods. a low and high temperature thermal reflow profile are shown in figures 5 and 6, respectively. manua l soldering of these components can be done with conventional surface mount non - contact hot air soldering tools. board pre - heating is highly recommended for these selective hot air soldering methods. manual soldering with conventional irons should be avoi ded.
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c figure 5 ? low temperature solder reflow thermal profile figure 6 ? high temperature solder reflow thermal profile
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c qualification flow chart
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c material declaration xc1900a - 20s immersion tin finish material weight (lbs) (g) (ppm) cas number 2 - thiourea 3.1136e - 07 1.4123e - 04 2.8143e+02 62 - 56 - 6 acetone 67 - 64 - 1 aluminum 7429 - 90 - 5 arsenic 2.7555e - 07 1.2499e - 04 2.4907e+02 7440 - 38 - 2 brominated epoxy resin 68928 - 70 - 1 bt resin ---- --------- chromium 5.5110e - 08 2.4998e - 05 4.9814e+01 7440 - 47 - 3 copper 3.6299e - 04 1.6465e - 01 3.2811e+05 7440 - 50 - 8 edta disodium salt 3.1136e - 08 1.4123e - 05 2.8143e+01 139 - 33 - 3 fiberglass 65997 - 17 - 3 fused silica 4.8758e - 04 2.2116e - 01 4.4072e +05 60676 - 86 - 0 lead 7439 - 92 - 1 polyimide 60842 - 76 - 4 polyphenylene ether resin ------------- ptfe 9.7545e - 05 4.4247e - 02 8.8171e+04 9002 - 84 - 0 proprietary / unknown 9.3407e - 08 4.2369e - 05 8.4430e+01 ------------- sodium hypop hosphite 9.3407e - 08 4.2369e - 05 8.4430e+01 7681 - 53 - 0 stannous chloride 3.7363e - 08 1.6948e - 05 3.3772e+01 ------------- steel 7439 - 89 - 6 25067 - 11 - 2 tetrafluoroethylene hexaflouoropropylene copolymer tin 5.6044e - 08 2.54 22e - 05 5.0658e+01 7440 - 31 - 5 titanium dioxide 1.5725e - 04 7.1327e - 02 1.4213e+05 13463 - 67 - 7 xylene 1330 - 20 - 7 total weight calculated 1.1063e - 03 5.0182e - 01 total weight measured 1.1100e - 03 5.0350e - 01 the values presented above are estimates at the current revision, and it is derived from vendor supplied data. while anaren strives for accurate reporting, due to product and process variations at both anaren and our suppliers, the quoted values are our best e stimates only, and not measured absolute values. product specifications are subject to change without notice.
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c application information directional couplers and sampling directional couplers are often used in circuits that require the sampling of a n arbitrary signal. because they are passive, non - linear devices, anaren directional couplers do not perturb the characteristics of the signal to be sampled, and can be used for frequency monitoring and/or measurement of rf power. an example of a sampling circuit is the reflectometer. the purpose of the reflectometer is to isolate and sample the incident and reflected signals from a mismatched load. a basic reflectometer circuit is shown in figure ap.n.1 - 1. figure ap.n.1 - 1. a reflectometer circuit s chematic if the directional coupler has perfect directivity, then it is clear that v i is strictly a sample of the incident voltage v input , and v r is strictly a sample of the wave that is reflected from the load. since directivity is never perfect in prac tice, both v i and v r will contain samples of the input signal as well as the reflected signal. in that case, q j i e v g + = cdt c eq. ap.n.1 - 1 and f j r e v g + = ct cd eq. ap.n.1 - 2 where c is the coupling, d is the directivity, g is the complex ref lection coefficient of the load, t is the transmission coefficient, and f and q are unknown phase delay differences caused by the interconnect lines on the test board. if we know v i and v r , we can easily calculate the reflection coefficient of the load. one should notice that in order to make forward and reverse measurements using only one coupler, the directivity must be really low. in specific customer applications, the preferred method for forward and reverse sampling is shown in figure ap.n.1 - 2. load 1 2 3 4 reflected wave v input i v v r
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c load 1 2 3 4 reflected wave input isolator reverse measurement measurement forward rfp-500500a6z50 150 rfp-375375a6z50 50 rfp-250375a4z50 15 rfp-060120a15z50 8 model power (watts) ** recommended terminations **termination figure ap.n.1 - 2. forward and reverse sampling the isolator in figure ap.n.1 - 2 prevents the reflected wave from exciting the directional coupler. a list of recommended terminations is shown in the figure. directional coupler s in feed - forward amplifier applications feed - forward amplifiers are widely used to reduce distortion due to nonlinearities in power amplifiers. although the level and complexity of feed - forward amplifiers varies from one manufacturer to another, the bas ic building block for this linearization scheme remains the same. a basic feed - forward schematic is shown in figure ap.n.2 - 1. the input signal is split in two using a hybrid coupler or power divider. the output of the main amplifier is sampled with a 20 db - 30db directional coupler. the xc1900a - 20 is an excellent candidate for this sampling since it provides great return loss and directivity. the sampled signal, which consists of a sample of the original input signal plus some distortion, is inverted and then combined with the output of the first delay line. this procedure subtracts (through destructive interference) the sample of the original input signal, leaving only the distortion or error component. the error component is then amplified and combine d with the output of the second delay line using another directional coupler. in many cases, a 10db coupler is used to combine the two signals. the xc1900a - 10 is a perfect choice for this injection because it has tight coupling, superior directivity, and excellent match.
usa/canada: toll free: europe: (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 available on tape and reel for pick and place manufacturing. model xc1900a - 20 rev c rfp-500500a6z50 rfp-375375a6z50 50 rfp-250375a4z50 15 rfp-060120a15z50 8 model power (watts) 50 ohm ** (see table below) ** recommended terminations terminations coupler hybrid 3db 10db directional coupler coupler directional 20db -- 30db output input error amplifier cancellation carrier delay delay amplifier main 100 figure ap.n.2 - 1. generic feed forward circuit schematic both directional couplers in the figure ap.n.2 - 1 have one port terminated with a 50 w resistor. in order to achieve optimum performance, the term ination must be chosen carefully. it is important to remember that a good termination will not only produce a good match at the input of the coupler, but will also maximize the isolation between the input port and isolated port. furthermore, since the te rmination can potentially absorb high levels of power, its maximum power rating should be chosen accordingly. a list of recommended terminations is shown in figure ap.n.2 - 1. for an ideal lossless directional coupler, the power at the coupled and direct p orts can be written as: watts db 10 ) ( coupling input coupled 10 p p = eq. ap.n.2 - 1 watts db 10 ) ( coupling input input direct 10 p p p - = eq. ap.n.2 - 2 where p input is the input power in watts, and coupling(db) is the coupling value in db.
available on tape and reel for pick a nd place manufacturing. usa/canada: toll free: europe : (315) 432 - 8909 (800) 411 - 6596 +44 2392 - 232392 model xc1900a - 20 rev c packaging and ordering information parts are available in b oth reel and tube. packaging follows eia 481 - 2. parts are oriented in tape and reel as shown below. minimum order quantities are 2000 per reel and 30 per tube. see model numbers below for further ordering information. b ? a ? c reel dimensions (inches [mm]) ?a b ?c 0.630 [16.0] 4.017 [102.03] 13.0 [330.0] 2000 quantity/reel table 1 ? d 0.512 [13.0] ?d xinger coupler frequency size coupling value plating finish packaging xc 0450= 410 - 480mhz 0900= 800 - 1000mhz 1900=1700 - 2000mhz 2100=2000 - 2300mhz a=0.56?x0.35? b=1.0?x0.5? e=0.56?x0.2? l=0.65?x0.48? t=0.65?x0.48? 03=3db 05=5db 10=10db 20=20db p=tin lead s=immersion tin t =tube r = tape & reel xx xxxx x - xx x x

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